{
  "meta": {
    "title": "Hartford–Springfield Tech Work Observatory",
    "publisher": "The Cyber Hound",
    "author": "The Cyber Hound",
    "status": "Preliminary investigation",
    "updated": "2026-08-11",
    "region": "Hartford, Middlesex, Tolland, Franklin, Hampden, and Hampshire counties",
    "method": "Certified and certified-withdrawn H-1B LCA filings in selected computer, IT, data, and cybersecurity occupations",
    "warning": "FY2019 uses a legacy wide schema, FY2020 spans the FLAG transition and reports incomplete worksites, FY2025 is under source-coverage review, and FY2026 contains only Q1–Q2. The comparable core is FY2021–FY2024. Counts are preliminary and do not prove displacement or completed hiring."
  },
  "annual": [
    {"year": "2019", "filings": 5491, "worksites": 5614, "workers": 8125, "medianWage": 86299, "period": "legacy", "quality": "legacy"},
    {"year": "2020", "filings": 1357, "worksites": 1357, "workers": 1693, "medianWage": 87000, "period": "transition", "quality": "transition"},
    {"year": "2021", "filings": 945, "worksites": 1854, "workers": 3609, "medianWage": 92000, "period": "complete", "quality": "reviewed"},
    {"year": "2022", "filings": 752, "worksites": 1511, "workers": 2193, "medianWage": 105150, "period": "complete", "quality": "reviewed"},
    {"year": "2023", "filings": 796, "worksites": 1605, "workers": 2080, "medianWage": 101899, "period": "complete", "quality": "reviewed"},
    {"year": "2024", "filings": 637, "worksites": 1308, "workers": 1440, "medianWage": 104000, "period": "complete", "quality": "reviewed"},
    {"year": "2025", "filings": 99, "worksites": 206, "workers": 226, "medianWage": 122926, "period": "complete", "quality": "hold"},
    {"year": "2026", "filings": 25, "worksites": 45, "workers": 65, "medianWage": 103800, "period": "Q1–Q2", "quality": "partial"}
  ],
  "channels": [
    {"key": "offshore", "number": "01", "title": "Offshore operations", "description": "Work moves to an employer-owned operation outside the United States.", "evidence": "SEC workforce disclosures, corporate reports, foreign job postings, and TAA determinations."},
    {"key": "vendors", "number": "02", "title": "Outside vendors", "description": "Work moves to a consulting, staffing, or technology-services provider.", "evidence": "LCA secondary entities, public-access files, procurement records, and matched job descriptions."},
    {"key": "h1b", "number": "03", "title": "H-1B employment", "description": "An employer or vendor seeks a nonimmigrant worker for a U.S. worksite.", "evidence": "DOL LCAs joined to USCIS petition decisions; an LCA alone is not a completed hire."},
    {"key": "relocation", "number": "04", "title": "Domestic relocation", "description": "Equivalent work reappears elsewhere in the United States or becomes remote-first.", "evidence": "Job postings, establishment records, QCEW, and employer disclosures."},
    {"key": "elimination", "number": "05", "title": "Elimination or automation", "description": "The position disappears and no equivalent replacement can be documented.", "evidence": "Longitudinal postings, headcount, occupation employment, and company statements."}
  ],
  "talentPipeline": {
    "status": "Data integration next",
    "question": "Is the region producing and retaining relevant graduates while major employers reduce local technology work?",
    "measures": [
      {"title": "Degrees produced", "description": "Annual IPEDS completions at six-county institutions in computer science, information technology, cybersecurity, data science, statistics, and selected engineering programs."},
      {"title": "Talent living here", "description": "ACS estimates of degree-holding residents and working-age population, kept separate from where a degree was earned."},
      {"title": "Talent available now", "description": "QWI hires and separations, unemployment indicators, occupation employment, and wage levels; graduates alone do not measure availability."}
    ],
    "analysis": "Compare annual and per-capita trends, then test 0–3 year lags against local technology employment, layoffs, wages, LCAs, and documented work-destination events. Report correlations with sample size and uncertainty; do not describe them as causal."
  },
  "employerFindings": [
    {"name": "Cognizant", "type": "vendor", "filings": 616, "workers": 1232, "note": "Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corp; reviewed legal-name match."},
    {"name": "Infosys", "type": "vendor", "filings": 242, "workers": 2926, "note": "Includes Infosys Limited and Infosys McCamish Systems. Worker totals can exceed filings."},
    {"name": "LTIMindtree / L&T Infotech", "type": "vendor", "filings": 181, "workers": 448, "note": "Grouped across the documented corporate name transition."},
    {"name": "Accenture", "type": "vendor", "filings": 153, "workers": 373, "note": "Accenture LLP regional technology worksites."},
    {"name": "Tata Consultancy Services", "type": "vendor", "filings": 116, "workers": 232, "note": "Reviewed capitalization variants of the same legal entity."},
    {"name": "Cigna / Evernorth", "type": "local", "filings": 78, "workers": 207, "note": "Cigna Health and Life and Evernorth service entities; excludes unmatched affiliates."},
    {"name": "The Hartford", "type": "local", "filings": 71, "workers": 166, "note": "Hartford Fire and matched Hartford insurance entities."},
    {"name": "MassMutual", "type": "local", "filings": 45, "workers": 93, "note": "Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company."},
    {"name": "Voya", "type": "local", "filings": 23, "workers": 56, "note": "Voya Services, retirement insurance, and institutional-plan entities."}
  ],
  "warnHighlights": [
    {"employer": "Matheson Flight Extenders", "location": "Chicopee", "workers": 305, "period": "FY2024"},
    {"employer": "Diana’s Bakery", "location": "Agawam", "workers": 229, "period": "FY2025"},
    {"employer": "Hampshire College", "location": "Amherst", "workers": 199, "period": "FY2026"},
    {"employer": "Smithfield Packaged Meats", "location": "Springfield", "workers": 190, "period": "FY2026"},
    {"employer": "Coca-Cola", "location": "Northampton", "workers": 175, "period": "FY2026"},
    {"employer": "CRRC MA", "location": "Springfield", "workers": 161, "period": "FY2026"}
  ],
  "employers": [
    {"name": "The Hartford", "group": "Insurance", "status": "Source collection", "note": "Legal-entity aliases, layoffs, vendors, and petition records are being reconciled."},
    {"name": "MassMutual", "group": "Insurance", "status": "Source collection", "note": "Regional worksites and technology occupation families are being matched."},
    {"name": "Cigna / Evernorth", "group": "Health services", "status": "Source collection", "note": "Corporate entities and contractor relationships require alias resolution."},
    {"name": "Voya", "group": "Financial services", "status": "Source collection", "note": "SEC workforce disclosures, TAA references, and Voya legal entities are under review."},
    {"name": "Aetna / CVS Health", "group": "Health services", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Candidate based on regional footprint; inclusion criteria will be documented."},
    {"name": "RTX / Pratt & Whitney / Collins", "group": "Aerospace", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Entity and occupation boundaries must distinguish engineering from the tech scope."},
    {"name": "Travelers", "group": "Insurance", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Candidate based on regional footprint; inclusion criteria will be documented."},
    {"name": "UnitedHealth / Optum", "group": "Health services", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Candidate based on regional footprint; inclusion criteria will be documented."},
    {"name": "Eversource", "group": "Utilities", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Candidate based on regional footprint; inclusion criteria will be documented."},
    {"name": "Stanley Black & Decker", "group": "Industrial", "status": "Research queue", "note": "Candidate based on regional footprint; inclusion criteria will be documented."}
  ],
  "standards": [
    {"label": "Documented", "description": "A primary record directly establishes the fact."},
    {"label": "Strongly supported", "description": "Multiple independent records align on role, place, and timing."},
    {"label": "Suggestive", "description": "A measurable association exists, but an alternative explanation remains."},
    {"label": "Unknown", "description": "The public record cannot answer the question yet."}
  ],
  "sources": [
    {"name": "DOL OFLC disclosure data", "use": "LCA cases, worksites, occupations, wages, and worker requests", "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/foreign-labor/performance"},
    {"name": "USCIS H-1B Employer Data Hub", "use": "Petition approvals and denials; needed to move beyond LCA intent", "url": "https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-and-studies/h-1b-employer-data-hub"},
    {"name": "Connecticut WARN", "use": "Qualifying mass layoffs and closures", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dol/knowledge-base/articles/employment-and-training/rapid-response/warn"},
    {"name": "Massachusetts WARN", "use": "Qualifying mass layoffs and closures", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/worker-adjustment-and-retraining-notification-act-warn-layoff-and-closure-updates"},
    {"name": "BLS QCEW", "use": "County employment, establishments, and wages by industry", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm"},
    {"name": "Census LEHD", "use": "Hires, separations, job-to-job movement, and earnings", "url": "https://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/"},
    {"name": "NCES IPEDS", "use": "Degrees and certificates by institution, award level, and field of study", "url": "https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/use-the-data/"},
    {"name": "SEC EDGAR", "use": "Employer workforce, restructuring, geography, and risk disclosures", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search/"}
  ]
}